LMIA vs LMIA-exempt work permits: which path fits?
A clear comparison of employer LMIA routes versus common LMIA-exempt categories and open permits.
Not every Canadian work permit needs a Labour Market Impact Assessment (LMIA).
LMIA-supported (employer-specific):
• Employer obtains a positive LMIA from ESDC showing the hire will not harm the Canadian labour market.
• Advertising, wage, and compliance rules usually apply before the worker applies for the permit.
• Common for roles without a free-trade or intra-company exemption.
LMIA-exempt (still often employer-specific):
• Intra-company transfers, certain CUSMA/CETA professionals, reciprocal employment, and other IRCC-listed exemptions.
• Employer still issues an offer of employment via the Employer Portal and pays the compliance fee in most cases.
Open work permits:
• Not tied to one employer — examples include some spousal permits, PGWP, and bridging open work permits when eligible.
Choosing the wrong stream wastes months. Confirm the exemption code, job offer details, and whether the worker can apply from inside or outside Canada before filing.
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